ANALYSIS OF THE PATTERN AND CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY WITHIN SELECTED RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBOURHOOD IN MAKURDI TOWN, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Public water systems play a crucial role in providing clean and adequate water for domestic, commercial, and
industrial use. However, many urban areas in Nigeria, including Makurdi Town, face significant challenges in
ensuring consistent and equitable water supply. The study examines the pattern and challenges of public water
supply across selected residential neighbourhoods in Makurdi Town, Benue State, Nigeria. Using a survey
research design, data were collected through closed-ended questionnaires and field observations, focusing on
water infrastructure, distribution, and coping mechanisms. A total of 400 households were sampled, and data
were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations. Findings reveal that only 10% of residents
receive a daily water supply, while 40% experience availability once a week. Reliability is low, with 75% of
respondents rating the supply as unreliable or very unreliable. Cross-tabulation results indicate that only
17.7% of water reticulation channels and 24.4% of pipelines across all locations are in good condition. Old
G.R.A. has the highest number of functional water reservoirs (80) and pipelines (48), while low-density areas
report the poorest conditions, with only 10 functional reservoirs and 5 reticulation channels. The findings
further shows that 70% of residents rely on water vendors, 60% on boreholes and only 15% engage in
rainwater harvesting. Key challenges include infrastructure decay (40%), population pressure (45%), and
poor maintenance (35%). Recommendations include investment in infrastructure rehabilitation, development
of a comprehensive water management plan, and promotion of sustainable alternative water sources. The
study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address infrastructure gaps and ensure equitable water
access across Makurdi Town.