EXPLORING SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING HEPATITIS B PREVALENCE IN GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) remains a major public health concern in Nigeria, with its prevalence driven by a 
complex interplay of socio-demographic and economic factors. Understanding these determinants is 
crucial for targeted intervention strategies. This study investigated the influence of socio-economic and 
behavioral factors on HBV transmission and prevalence in Gombe State. A cross-sectional survey was 
conducted among 384 respondents across six Local Government Areas, employing structured 
questionnaires and laboratory testing. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis revealed an 
HBV prevalence of 11.5%, with notably higher rates in rural areas such as Nafada (14.8%) and Balanga 
(13.2%) compared to urban Gombe LGA (8.7%). Significant predictors of HBV infection included low 
literacy levels, low income, and lack of vaccination, occupational exposure, and age (particularly 26–45 
years). These findings underscore the impact of social inequality, educational deficits, and economic 
marginalization on HBV vulnerability. The study emphasizes the need for integrated public health 
interventions, including health education campaigns, economic empowerment programs, and expanded 
access to free or subsidized vaccination, especially in underserved communities. Addressing these 
determinants is vital for reducing HBV transmission and improving health outcomes in the region.