LINKING IRRIGATION PRACTICES TO CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES IN ODEDA, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between irrigation practices, crop productivity, and livelihood 
outcomes among arable crop farmers in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 
110 farmers were selected using a simple random sampling technique, and data were collected through 
structured questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. Data analysis was done using descriptive 
and inferential statistical techniques. Findings reveal that irrigation in Odeda is dominated by traditional 
surface irrigation methods, reflecting farmers’ preference for low-cost, familiar practices which require 
minimal technical knowledge. Flood irrigation also shows moderate usage, while modern irrigation 
systems such as drip, sprinkler, micro, and precision irrigation are rarely used, primarily due to their high 
costs, limited technical expertise, and infrastructural constraints. Wells and rivers emerged as the most 
common water sources, emphasizing farmers’ reliance on natural, readily accessible water bodies. Major 
barriers to efficient irrigation include limited access to irrigation equipment, inadequate credit facilities, 
and insufficient extension support. Despite these constraints, farmers expressed positive perceptions of 
irrigation, acknowledging its role in stabilizing crop yield, supporting year-round production, enhancing 
crop quality, and improving household income. The study concludes that improved access to irrigation 
facilities, credit schemes, and capacity-building programs can significantly enhance irrigation efficiency 
and agricultural productivity. Strengthened extension services and community-based irrigation initiatives 
are recommended to promote sustainable water management and improve livelihood outcomes among 
smallholder farmers in Odeda