DOMESTIC WATER SOURCES AND FACTORS INFLUENCING URBAN HOUSEHOLD ATTITUDES ON WATER STORAGE FACILITIES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA

Abstract

Water scarcity and inconsistent supply remain critical challenges in many urban areas of developing
countries, including Sokoto Metropolis in Northwestern Nigeria. This study explores the domestic water
sources and the factors influencing urban household attitudes towards water storage facilities in Sokoto, with
a focus on understanding the socio-economic, cultural, and environmental dynamics shaping water
management practices. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews, focus
group discussions, and direct observations to gather data from households across different socio-economic
backgrounds. Findings revealed a variety of water sources utilized by residents, including municipal tap water,
boreholes, wells, water vendors, and rainwater harvesting. Household decisions regarding water storage were
influenced by several factors, including economic status, perceptions of water quality, cultural practices, and t
semi-arid climate. Higher-income households predominantly used modern storage solutions such as largecapacity plastic tanks, while lower-income families often relied on more affordable options like metal drums
and traditional clay pots. Despite the urban setting, traditional storage methods persisted alongside modern
alternatives, reflecting a unique blend of cultural continuity and adaptation to urbanization. Key challenges
identified included the high cost of modern storage facilities, risks of water contamination due to inadequate
maintenance, limited space for storage in densely populated neighborhoods, and the unreliable municipal
water supply, especially during dry seasons. The study concludes that a holistic and context-sensitive approach
is needed to enhance water security in Sokoto Metropolis. Recommendations include improving municipal
water infrastructure, promoting affordable and safe storage solutions, educating households on safe water
management practices and encouraging sustainable, culturally appropriate water conservation strategies.