SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF DISPLACEMENT CAUSED BY BANDITRY IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Banditry, characterized by violent attacks, kidnapping, and widespread insecurity, has led to mass
displacement in the region, disrupting livelihoods, causing economic hardships, and creating profound
psychological distress among affected populations. This study explores the socio-economic and psychological
impacts of displacement caused by banditry in Sokoto State, Nigeria. The research employs a mixed-methods
approach, combining quantitative data and qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions. A
total of 400 displaced respondents were surveyed and. the findings revealed that displacement has significantly
altered the economic landscape for many, with the majority of respondents reporting a substantial decline in
income and a shift away from traditional farming to reliance on humanitarian aid, petty trading, and
temporary jobs. The loss of farmland, limited access to markets, and insecurity in new locations were identified
as major challenges to economic recovery. Psychologically, the study highlights the emotional toll of
displacement, with high levels of anxiety, trauma, fear, and depression observed among displaced individuals.
Factors such as family separation, social isolation, and the uncertainty of their future have further exacerbated
mental health challenges. Recommendations include livelihood restoration programs, enhanced security
measures, family reunification efforts, mental health services, and the provision of basic necessities such as
food, shelter, and healthcare. A comprehensive response from the government, local agencies, and
humanitarian organizations is essential to support the long-term recovery and integration of displaced
populations in Sokoto State.